Anatomy of the Knee
The knee is more likely to be damaged than most other joints because it is subject to tremendous forces during vigorous activity.   The knee is the joint where the femur (thighbone) meets the tibia (lower leg bone).  The knee moves like a hinge, but it can also rotate and move from side to side.

The patella (kneecap) is a small, flat, triangular bone in front of the joint.  It is not directly connected with any other bone.  Muscle and ligaments hold it in place.

The femur and tibia are connected in three ways: by ligaments (strong cord-like tissues), by muscles, and by a capsule. The capsule surrounds  the joint.

(thighbone) and the tibia (large bone of the lower leg) are connected in three ways: by ligaments (strong, cordlike tissues); by muscles; and by a synovial capsule.  The synovial capsule surrounds the joint.

The knee ligaments are the strongest connections between the femur and the tibia. Ligaments keep the bones from moving out of position. One group of muscles bends the knee and another group straightens it. 

The synovial capsule secretes a liquid called synovial fluid, which resembles raw egg white.  The synovial fluid nourishes the joint surfaces and reduces friction between them. If the synovial capsule is injured, it may produce too much fluid. 

Smooth tissue called cartilage covers the ends of the femur and the tibia. This tissue helps the bones slide easily over each other and is a tissue that is attacked in arthritis. 

Common Problems
► arthritis
► ligament tears
► chondromalacia
► meniscus tears
► Tendonitis
► bursitis
► sublexation or dislocation
► total knee replacement
► knee cartilage repair

If you're experiencing pain, discomfort or have any questions about your knee please call  1-925-939-8585 8:00 AM–5:00 PM, Monday through Thursday, 8:00 AM–4:00 PM Friday.